Mac Easy 2010 May/Mac Life Ubuntu.iso/casper/filesystem.squashfs/usr/share/gnome/help/add-applications/zh_CN/add-applications.xml

Extensible Markup Language | 2009-04-28 | 54.6 KB | 768 lines

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../libs/global.ent">
<!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
<!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
<!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
<!ENTITY sg-title "Server Guide">
<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Jaunty Jackalope">
<!ENTITY distro-rev "9.04">
<!ENTITY distro-release-date "April 2009">
<!ENTITY distro-short-codename "jaunty">
<!ENTITY distro-apt-cd-name "Ubuntu 9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope">
<!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.27">
<!ENTITY gcc-version "4.3.1">
<!ENTITY glibc-version "2.8">
<!ENTITY python-version "2.5">
<!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml">
<!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../libs/C/legalnotice.xml">
<!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
<!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
<!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'>
<!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/">
<!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
<!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
<!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
<!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com">
<!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode">
<!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu">
<!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu">
<!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu">
<!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-support "http://www.ubuntu.com/support">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/free">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-marketplace "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/marketplace">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-hwdb "http://hwdb.ubuntu.com">
<!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
<!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
<!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
<!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/XChatHowto">
<!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">
<!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToGetHelp">
<!ENTITY transcode "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDRippingandEncoding">
<!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine">
<!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Cedega">
<!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">
<!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
<!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicCommands">
<!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions">
<!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/edgy/">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-edgy/ship">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://kubuntuforums.net">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "https://wiki.kubuntu.org">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
<!ENTITY kubuntu-support "http://www.kubuntu.org/support.php">
<!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-web "http://www.xubuntu.org">
<!ENTITY xubuntu-main "http://www.xubuntu.org">
<!ENTITY xubuntu-web-help "http://www.xubuntu.org/help">
<!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
<!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
<!ENTITY gnome "http://www.gnome.org/">
<!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
<!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
<!ENTITY kde "http://www.kde.org/">
<!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
<!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
<!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
<!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
<!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
<!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
<!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
<!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
<!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
<!ENTITY xfce "http://www.xfce.org/">
<!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/">
<!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
<!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
<!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
<!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
<!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
<!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
<!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
<!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
<!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
<!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
<!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
<!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
<!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
<!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
<!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
<!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
<!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
<!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
<!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
<!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
<!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
<!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
<!ENTITY Amharic "af">
<!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
<!ENTITY Assamese "as">
<!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
<!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
<!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
<!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
<!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
<!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
<!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
<!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
<!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
<!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
<!ENTITY Breton "br">
<!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
<!ENTITY Corsican "co">
<!ENTITY Czech "cs">
<!ENTITY Welsh "cy">
<!ENTITY Danish "da">
<!ENTITY German "de">
<!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
<!ENTITY Greek "el">
<!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
<!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
<!ENTITY Spanish "es">
<!ENTITY Estonian "et">
<!ENTITY Basque "eu">
<!ENTITY Persian "fa">
<!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
<!ENTITY Fiji "fj">
<!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
<!ENTITY French "fr">
<!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
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<!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
<!ENTITY Galician "gl">
<!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
<!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
<!ENTITY Hausa "ha">
<!ENTITY Hindi "hi">
<!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
<!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
<!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
<!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
<!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
<!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
<!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
<!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
<!ENTITY Italian "it">
<!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
<!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
<!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
<!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
<!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
<!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
<!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
<!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
<!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
<!ENTITY Korean "ko">
<!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
<!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
<!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
<!ENTITY Latin "la">
<!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
<!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
<!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
<!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
<!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
<!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
<!ENTITY Maori "mi">
<!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
<!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
<!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
<!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
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<!ENTITY Malay "ms">
<!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
<!ENTITY Burmese "my">
<!ENTITY Nauru "na">
<!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
<!ENTITY Dutch "nl">
<!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
<!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
<!ENTITY Afan "om">
<!ENTITY Oromo "om">
<!ENTITY Oriya "or">
<!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
<!ENTITY Polish "pl">
<!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
<!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
<!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
<!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
<!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
<!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
<!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
<!ENTITY Russian "ru">
<!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
<!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
<!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
<!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
<!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
<!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
<!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
<!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
<!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
<!ENTITY Shona "sn">
<!ENTITY Somali "so">
<!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
<!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
<!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
<!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
<!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
<!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
<!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
<!ENTITY Tamil "ta">
<!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
<!ENTITY Tajik "tg">
<!ENTITY Thai "th">
<!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
<!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
<!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
<!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
<!ENTITY Tonga "to">
<!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
<!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
<!ENTITY Tatar "tt">
<!ENTITY Twi "tw">
<!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
<!ENTITY Urdu "ur">
<!ENTITY Uzbek "uz">
<!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
<!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
<!ENTITY Wolof "wo">
<!ENTITY Xhosa "xh">
<!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
<!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
<!ENTITY Zulu "zu">
<!ENTITY % gnome-menus-C SYSTEM "../../libs/gnome-menus-C.ent">
<!-- MENUS --><!-- Please keep entries alphabetical, it makes them much easier to find & use --><!ENTITY about-me "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>About-me</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY accessories "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY acro-read "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Acrobat Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY administration "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY aisleriot "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>AisleRiot Solitaire</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY amule "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY anjuta-ide "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Anjuta IDE</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY archive-man "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Archive Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY assistive-technology-preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Assistive Technology Support</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY audacity "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY azureus "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Azureus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY baobab "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disk Usage Analyzer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY bittorrent "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Bittorrent</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY blender3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Blender 3d modeller</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY bluefish "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Bluefish Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY boot "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Boot</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY brasero "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Brasero Disc Burning</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY bum "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Boot-up Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY bzrgtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Olive bazaar Branch Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY calculator "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Calculator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY character-map "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Character Map</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY compizconfig "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>CompizConfig Settings Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY computer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Computer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY connecttoserver "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Connect to Server...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY cowbell "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Cowbell Music Organizer</guimenuitem>    </menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY chromium "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Chromium</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY computer-janitor "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>System Janitor</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY desktop-background "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Desktop Background</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY desktop-effects "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Appearance</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Visual Effects</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY desktop-preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY devhelp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Devhelp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY device-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Hardware Information</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY dictionary "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Dictionary</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY disks "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disks</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY downloader-x "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Downloader for X</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY eclipse-ide "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Eclipse IDE</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY ekiga "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Ekiga Softphone</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY efax-gtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Efax-gtk</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY etherape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Etherape</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY evolution-mail "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Evolution Mail</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY file-management "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>File Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY firefox "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Firefox Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY firestarter-firewall-tool "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Firestarter</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY five-or-more "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Five or More</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY font "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Font</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY f-spot "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>F-Spot Photo Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY frozen-bubble "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Frozen Bubble</guisubmenu></menuchoice> to play <application>Frozen Bubble</application>">
<!ENTITY gambas "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Gambas</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY games "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY gdesklets "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>gDesklets</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY gftp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gFTP</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY gimp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>GIMP Image Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY gnome-app-install "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Add/Remove...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY gnome-config-editor "<screen><command>gconf-editor</command></screen>">
<!ENTITY gnome-sound-recorder "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sound Recorder</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY gparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration </guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Gnome Partition Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY graphics "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY gthumb "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gThumb Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY gtkpod "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>gtkpod</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY gnucash "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>GnuCash Finance Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY gxine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gxine</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY home-folder "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Home Folder</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY homebank "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>HomeBank</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY hubackup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Backup</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY hurestore "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Restore</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY inkscape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Inkscape SVG Vector Illustrator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY internet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY kdevelop "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY keyboard-shortcuts "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard Shortcuts</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
<!ENTITY language-support "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Language Support</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY multimedia-systems-selector "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Multimedia Systems Selector</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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]>
<article id="add-applications" status="review" lang="zh_CN">
    <articleinfo>
    <title>添加、删除和更新应用程序</title>

    <legalnotice id="legal">
        <title>致谢与许可</title>
        <para>本文档由 Ubuntu 文档团队(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam)维护。贡献者名单详见<ulink url="../../libs/C/contributors.xml">贡献者页面</ulink></para>
        <para>本文档系基于 Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 License (CC-BY-SA)授权许可发布。</para>
        <para>您可以基于本许可的条款而自由地对 Ubuntu 文档源码进行修正、扩充，以及改善。所有衍生作品必须基于本许可来发布。</para>
        <para>本文档发布的目的是期望能发挥一定作用。但我们不提供任何担保；甚至如免责声明中所说那样对特定目标的适销性或用于某一特定目的适用性也不提供任何形式(包括默许)的担保。</para>
        <para>该授权许可的副本可以在这里找到：<ulink url="/usr/share/ubuntu-docs/libs/C/ccbysa.xml">Creative Commons ShareAlike License</ulink>。</para>
    </legalnotice>
<copyright>
    <year>2008</year>
    <holder>Canonical Ltd. 和<ulink url="https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc">Ubuntu 文档项目</ulink>的成员</holder>
</copyright><copyright><year>Ye https://launchpad.net/~zhouye</year><holder>Zhou</holder></copyright><copyright><year>Ye https://launchpad.net/~zhouye</year><holder>Zhou</holder></copyright>
<publisher>
    <publishername>Ubuntu 文档项目</publishername>
</publisher>

    </articleinfo>
    <para>本节讨论了如何安装，删除和更新应用程序。同时还包括，Ubuntu 的软件包是如何储存和下载的。</para>

<sect1 id="installation-windows-ubuntu" status="draft">
    <title>Ubuntu 的软件安装和 Windows 的有什么区别？</title>
    <para>在软件的安装的方式上，Ubuntu 相对于 Windows 来说有很大的不同。</para>
    <para>在 Windows 上如果你想安装应用程序，通常你需要购买包含该软件的CD，或者从互联网下载安装包。然后打开安装程序，这将引导您完成应用程序的安装。</para>
    <para>Ubuntu 中，您只需打开<emphasis>软件包管理器</emphasis>，搜索您想安装的应用程序，点击按钮来安装。移除应用程序也同样简单。</para>
    <para>软件包管理器从<emphasis>软件仓库</emphasis>中下载应用程序，软件仓库是 Internet 上储存着一批应用程序的地方。这些应用程序捆绑在包含着安装所需的所有信息的<emphasis>软件包</emphasis>中。如果您愿意，您可以使用浏览器自行下载软件包，但让软件包管理器来为您处理一般更方便。</para>
    <para>某些软件包的正常工作依赖于已安装的其他软件包。例如，某个文字处理软件包可能需要安装某个打印软件包。软件包管理器会自动为您安装这些<emphasis>依赖</emphasis>。</para>
    <para>软件包管理器中默认仅提供官方 Ubuntu 软件仓库中的应用程序。如果您在默认仓库中找不到您想要安装的应用程序，您可以添加其它(<quote>第三方</quote>)软件仓库并从中安装该程序。</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="installing" status="draft">
    <title>安装应用程序</title>
    <procedure>
    <step>
        <para>点击<menuchoice><guimenu>应用程序</guimenu><guimenuitem>添加/删除...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>搜索应用程序，或选择一个分类并从列表中寻找应用程序。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>勾选该应用程序旁的勾选框。将您想要安装的应用程序都勾上。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>点击<guibutton>应用改变</guibutton>，然后点击<guibutton>应用</guibutton>以开始安装。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>如果弹出提示请输入密码。您所选的应用程序就会被下载和并安装了。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>当安装完成，您即可在应用程序菜单里找到您新安装的应用程序。</para>
    </step>
    </procedure>

<sect2 id="installing-others" status="draft">
    <title>安装应用软件的其他方法</title>

<sect3 id="installing-synaptic" status="draft">
    <title>使用新立得软件包管理器</title>
    <para>新立得可以用来管理高级软件包(比如一些服务器应用程序)，这是添加/删除程序所做不到的。</para>
    <procedure>
    <step>
        <para>点击<menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guimenuitem>系统管理</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>新立得软件包管理器</guimenuitem></menuchoice>，如果弹出提示则输入密码。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>点击<guibutton>搜索</guibutton>对应用程序进行搜索，或点击<guibutton>组别</guibutton>从分类中选择一个。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>右键点击您想要安装的应用程序，选择<guilabel>标记以便安装</guilabel>。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>如果询问您是否想要标记附加的变更，点击<guibutton>标记</guibutton>。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>选择您想要安装的其它应用程序。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>点击<guibutton>应用</guibutton>，在随后出现的窗口中点击<guibutton>应用</guibutton>。您所选的应用程序就会被下载并安装了。</para>
    </step>
    </procedure>
</sect3>

<sect3 id="installing-deb" status="draft">
    <title>下载并安装 .deb 软件包</title>
    <para>您可以从网站上下载并安装应用软件。这些应用程序包含在 Debian (.deb) 软件包中。安装 Debian 软件包：</para>
    <procedure>
    <step>
        <para>从网站上下载软件包</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>双击该软件包，软件包安装器就会打开。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>点击<guibutton>安装</guibutton>以安装该软件包。</para>
    </step>
    </procedure>

    <para>基于以下原因，不推荐以这种方式安装单个软件包：</para>
    <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
        <para>这些软件包未经 Ubuntu 成员进行安全检查，可能包含有对您的计算机有害的软件。您应该仅从您信任的网站上下载单个软件包。</para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
        <para>该软件包的运行可能需要额外的软件，无法自动安装。您可能会要亲自寻找并安装该软件。</para>
    </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
</sect3>

<sect3 id="installing-webpage" status="draft">
    <title>点击网页上的链接</title>
    <para>一些网页上的链接在被点击时会安装软件，即<quote>apt:</quote>链接。点击该链接后，您会被询问是否想要安装额外的软件。点击<guibutton>安装</guibutton>将开始安装进程。</para>
    <para>
    The application can only be downloaded and installed if it is available in
    a software repository which is currently enabled on your computer. This
    means that websites cannot trick you into installing software which is
    potentially harmful to your computer.
    </para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="removing" status="draft">
    <title>移除应用软件</title>
    <procedure>
    <step>
        <para>点击<menuchoice><guimenu>应用程序</guimenu><guimenuitem>添加/删除...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>Find the application that you want to remove by finding it in
        the list or by searching for it.</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>Uncheck the box next to the application that you want to remove.
        Do this for all of the applications you want to remove.</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>Click <guibutton>Apply Changes</guibutton>, then click
        <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> to remove the applications. Enter your
        password if prompted.</para>
    </step>
    </procedure>
    <para>
    Some applications depend on others being installed in order to work
    properly. If you try to remove an application which is required by another
    application, both of those applications will be removed. You will be asked
    to confirm that this is what you want to happen before the applications
    are removed.</para>
    <para>
    If the application that you want to uninstall is not available in
    Add/Remove Applications, use Synaptic (<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>) to remove it instead.
    </para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="adding-repos" status="draft">
    <title>添加软件仓库</title>
    <para>
    Software is available from third-party sources, as well as from the default
    Ubuntu software repositories. If you want to install software from a
    third-party software repository, you must add it to the package manager's
    list of available repositories.
    </para>
    <caution>
    <para>
    Only add software repositories from sources that you trust. Third-party
    software repositories are not checked for security by Ubuntu members, so
    could contain software which is harmful to your computer.
    </para>
    </caution>
    <procedure>
    <step>
        <para>打开<menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guimenuitem>系统管理</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>软件源</guimenuitem></menuchoice>并选择<guilabel>第三方软件</guilabel>.</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>点击<guibutton>添加</guibutton>以添加新的软件仓库。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>Enter the APT line for the extra repository. This should be
        available from the website of the repository, and should look similar
        to the following:</para>
        <screen>deb http://ftp.debian.org etch main</screen>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>点击<guibutton>添加源</guibutton>，然后点击<guibutton>关闭</guibutton>以保存更改。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>You will be notified that the information about available
        software is out-of-date. Click <guibutton>Reload</guibutton>.</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>Packages from the new repository should now be available in your
        package manager.</para>
    </step>
    </procedure>
    <para>
    As a security measure, most software repositories use a GPG key to
    digitally sign the files they provide. This makes it easy to check that the
    files have not been tampered with since their creation. In order for your
    package manager to be able to check this, you need the public key that
    corresponds to the signatures. The key should be available for download on
    the repository's website.
    </para>
    <para>
    Download the GPG key. Then, click <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, select the
    <guilabel>Authentication</guilabel> tab, click <guibutton>Import Key
    File</guibutton> and select the GPG key to be imported.
    </para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="offline" status="draft">
    <title>离线安装软件包</title>
    <para>
    If you are not connected to the Internet, you can use a CD containing
    package files to install applications on your computer. The Ubuntu
    installation CD can be used for this purpose, and other CDs with different
    packages are available as well. Additionally, the program
    <application>APTonCD</application> can automatically backup installed
    packages on your system, and create CDs with the contents of various
    repositories on them.
    </para>

<sect2 id="ubuntu-installation-cd" status="review">
    <title>用 Ubnutu 安装光盘安装软件包</title>
    <para>
    Some packages from the <emphasis>main</emphasis> and
    <emphasis>restricted</emphasis> Ubuntu package repositories can be
    installed from the Ubuntu installation CD. Simply insert your Ubuntu
    installation CD and open <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. To list only packages on the
    Ubuntu installation CD, click on the <guibutton>Origin</guibutton>
    button in the lower left corner of the Synaptic window. The packages
    should be listed under the
    <guimenuitem>Ubuntu 9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope</guimenuitem> section.
    </para>
    <para>如果这些软件包没有被列出来，那有可能是安装光盘没有被标识为软件源(缺省情况下，安装光盘应该已经存在于软件源列表中)。要将安装光盘添加为软件源，请执行 <xref linkend="repository-cds"/> 中的如下步骤：</para>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="repository-cds" status="review">
    <title>使其他光盘能用来安装软件包。</title>
    <para>要启用新立得软件包管理器和其它的软件包管理器来安装含有软件包的 CD 上的软件：</para>
    <procedure>
    <step>
        <para>点击<menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guimenuitem>系统管理</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>软件源</guimenuitem></menuchoice>。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>选择<guilabel>第三方软件</guilabel>并点击<guibutton>添加 CD-ROM</guibutton>按钮。</para>
    </step>
    <step>
        <para>插入光盘。</para>
    </step>
    </procedure>
    <para>软件包会被列出。想要新立得只列出这张光盘里的内容，点击左下角的<guibutton>源自</guibutton>按钮，再选择点击这张光盘的名字。</para>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="aptoncd" status="review">
    <title>使用 APTonCD 来安装软件包</title>
    <para><application>APTonCD</application>可用来制作包含有您系统上所有软件包的CD，也可以制作包含的您选择的软件包或软件仓库的CD。在软件包管理器比如<application>新立得</application>中，找到<emphasis>aptoncd</emphasis>软件包并安装它。</para>
    <para>更多有关 APTonCD 的文档可以在它的网站找到，<ulink url="http://aptoncd.sourceforge.net"> aptoncd.sourceforge.net</ulink></para>
</sect2>
</sect1>


<sect1 id="restricted-software" status="draft">
    <title>什么是受限和非自由软件？</title>
    <para>Ubuntu 中的大多数可用软件都是自由、开源的，用户可以自由安装、使用、修改和发布。Ubuntu 就建立在这种软件的基础之上。</para>
    <para><emphasis role="strong">非自由软件</emphasis>是不允许自由修改和重新发布的软件。这使得 Ubuntu 开发人员很难发现软件中的问题和改进软件。所以我们建议您使用<ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">自由软件</ulink>替代那些软件。</para>
    <para>与自由软件不同，<emphasis role="strong">受限软件</emphasis>有使用上的限制。非自由软件也是一种受限软件，原因在于这些软件有着非自由的授权协议。被分为受限软件，其原因还可能关乎法律因素(某些类型的软件在某些国家是非法的)和授权因素(某些软件需要一份授权协议才能合法使用)。</para>
    <para>有时候这些受限软件是您唯一的选择。比如某种影音格式的解码器、某些字体和<ulink type="help" url="ghelp:hardware#restricted-manager">某些显卡驱动</ulink>。</para>
    <para>当您尝试安装这些受限软件时，您会得到包管理器相应的警告。如果根据国家的法律使用这些受限软件不合法，您只能放弃安装；但是如果只是非自由造成的限制，那么安装没有问题(比如某些显卡驱动)。您需要记得的是，大多数受限软件在 Ubuntu 中得不到支持，Ubuntu 开发人员也无法更正这些软件的错误。</para>

    <warning>
    <para>有时确定某个软件包是否受限很难，您可以登录 <ulink url="http://ubuntuforums.org/">Ubuntu 论坛</ulink>找点建议。如果仍无法确定该软件包是否受限，那就听从警告不要安装这些软件包；因为你可能违反当地法律。</para>
    </warning>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="default-repos" status="draft">
    <title>Overview of the default Ubuntu software repositories</title>
    <para>在 Ubuntu 中安装软件时，软件包管理器将自动从<emphasis>软件仓库</emphasis>中下载所需软件包，软件仓库是 Internet 上存放可供下载的一批软件包的地方。</para>
    <para>有上千种程序可以在 Ubuntu 上安装，这些程序都被存放在软件仓库中，任何 Ubuntu 用户都可以免费获得。这种软件发布方式让软件安装变得非常容易。而且由于您所安装程序都是专门为 Ubuntu 生成并校验后方能入库，安装也变得非常安全。</para>

<sect2 id="default-repos-main" status="draft">
    <title>软件库</title>
    <para>
    To organize the software, Ubuntu repositories are categorized into four
    groups: <emphasis>Main</emphasis>, <emphasis>Restricted</emphasis>,
    <emphasis>Universe</emphasis>, and <emphasis>Multiverse</emphasis>. The
    rationale used to determine which software goes into which category is
    based on the level of support that software development teams provide for a
    program and the level of compliance the program has to the
    <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">Free Software Philosophy</ulink>.
    </para>
    <para>Ubuntu 的标准安装 CD 包含了来自 <emphasis>Main</emphasis> 和 <emphasis>Restricted</emphasis> 分类的一些软件。</para>
    <para>如果您的系统已经连接到因特网的话，您还可以安装比这多得多的软件。比如 <quote>Universe</quote> 和 <quote>Multiverse</quote> 软件库是只能通过因特网访问的。</para>
    <warning>
        <para><emphasis>Multiverse</emphasis> 软件库中存放的软件被分类为 <emphasis>非自由的</emphasis>。这些软件在某些法律管辖下可能不被允许。在安装这个软件库中的每个软件包时，您应当确认您的国家的法律允许您使用它。此外，这些软件可能还不包含安全更新。</para>
    </warning>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="default-repos-update" status="draft">
    <title>更新仓库</title>
    <para>更新管理器通过定期从在线更新源获取潜在更新的信息，来自动地寻找适合您计算机的可用软件更新。</para>
    <para>如果你点击了 <menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guimenuitem>系统管理</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>软件源</guimenuitem></menuchoice>，然后选择 <guilabel>更新</guilabel> 标签页, 你将会看到四个可用的更新源，下面是对应的说明：</para>
    <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="strong">重要安全更新：</emphasis>这种更新将发布能够解决紧要的软件安全漏洞更新。推荐所有用户都启用此源(默认设置为启用)。</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="strong">建议更新：</emphasis>这种更新将发布能够解决严重(却不影响安全性)的软件错误更新。大部分用户最好启用此更新来源，将能解决一些常见并令人讨厌的软件错误。</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
        <para>
        <emphasis role="strong">Pre-released updates:</emphasis>
        Updates which are currently being tested before being released to
        everyone are provided through this update source. If you would like to
        help test new updates (and get fixes for problems more quickly), enable
        this source. Be aware that these updates may not yet be well tested; it
        is not recommended that you enable this source unless you are prepared
        to experience occasional problems.
        </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="strong">不支持的更新：</emphasis>当流行软件的新版本被释出时，它们时而被<quote> 向下修补 </quote>到Ubuntu的旧版本中，以便让用户能够不更新Ubuntu版而享受新的软件功能和错误补丁。这些向下修补是没有支持的，安装后可能会造成问题，只有急需某软件包向下修补版本的用户才该启用此更新来源。</para>
        </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
</sect2>
</sect1>

</article>